Sensitivity of Diagnostic Methods for Detecting S. stercoralis Infection and Comparison of the Total Global Number of Strongyloidiasis Cases with Other Recognized NTDs: A Systematic Review

Background: Since 2005, global health policy makers have recognized and designated widespread poverty-related neglected diseases as NTDs (neglected tropical diseases). However, Strongyloides stercoralis infection is not included in the list of these recognized NTDs. A systematic review was conducted to estimate the total number of S. stercoralis infections in humans worldwide and compare the result with the prevalence data of other recognized NTDs. In addition, the sensitivity of diagnostic methods that were used for detecting Strongyloides stercoralis infection was evaluated. Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, WHOLIS, and ISI Web of Science databases was performed for articles published between January 1990 and May 2017. Articles with quantitative data on prevalence, incidence, duration of infection, remission/cure, and mortality in humans were included. After obtaining the raw data from the systematic review, adjustments were made for diagnostic accuracy, selection of the reference population, and adjustments for age and reference year 2017 as a prerequisite for estimating the total number of strongyloidiasis cases in humans worldwide. The estimated number was then compared with other recognized neglected tropical diseases. The sensitivity of diagnostic methods for detecting Strongyloides stercoralis infection was also systematically investigated.